Passage Summary: An economist thinks hard work and thrift caused the Industrial Revolution's success, but a historian says we shouldn't believe that until we prove those values actually changed before the revolution started.

Conclusion: The economist's theory regarding the role of values in the Industrial Revolution should not be accepted until historical evidence confirms the timing of those value changes.

Reasoning: Valid explanations must be grounded in facts, and there is currently no evidence that the shift in values occurred before the economic growth began.

Analysis: To identify the conclusion here, look for the author's main takeaway, which is signaled by the transition word 'so' in the final sentence. The historian isn't necessarily saying the economist is wrong, just that the theory is currently unsupported by the necessary timeline. In 'Identify the Conclusion' tasks, your job is to distinguish the final judgment from the premises and the background context provided at the start. Focus on the statement that the rest of the passage is working to justify.