Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: A company president thinks their new burger will be a hit because it has a huge TV ad campaign, just like almost every other successful product from the last ten years.

Conclusion: The Vegetaste Burger is likely to be a very successful product.

Reasoning: Most successful products from the last decade were launched with massive TV ad campaigns, and the Vegetaste Burger is also using a massive TV ad campaign.

Analysis: This is a classic case of confusing a necessary condition for a sufficient one. The president notes that success usually requires a big ad campaign, but then mistakenly assumes that having a big ad campaign guarantees success. It's like saying every professional marathon runner wears running shoes, so if I buy running shoes, I'll probably become a professional marathon runner. To parallel this flaw, look for an answer that identifies a common trait among a successful group and concludes that an individual possessing that trait will also be successful.

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23.

The flawed nature of the company president's argument can most effectively be demonstrated by noting that, by parallel reasoning, we could conclude that

Correct Answer
D
It mirrors the flaw: almost every past president had a Ph.D.; Robinson has a Ph.D.; therefore Robinson will probably be president—confusing a common attribute of presidents with a guarantee of becoming president.
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