Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: An asteroid caused two disasters. Since we can't prove which specific disaster killed the dinosaurs, the author claims the asteroid didn't do it.

Conclusion: The extinction of the triceratops cannot be blamed on the asteroid impact.

Reasoning: While the asteroid caused firestorms and climate change, we cannot prove that the firestorms specifically caused the extinction, nor can we prove the climate change did.

Analysis: The flaw here is a failure of logic regarding 'sufficient causes.' The author assumes that if you can't prove which *part* of a cause (fire or climate) did the work, then the *source* of those parts (the asteroid) isn't responsible. This is like saying 'I can't prove if the fall or the impact killed him, so the push didn't kill him.' To match this, look for an argument where a primary cause is dismissed simply because we can't identify which of its various sub-effects was the decisive one.

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24.

Which one of the following has flawed reasoning most similar to the flawed reasoning in the argument above?

Correct Answer
D
D is parallel. Flooding (root cause) caused both furnace damage and an electrical short (two intermediates). Investigators can’t show the fire was caused by the furnace damage, nor by the short. Therefore, they claim we cannot say flooding caused the fire. This mirrors the original: failure to prove either specific mechanism is improperly taken to deny the overarching causal attribution.
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