WeakenDiff: Hardest

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: A news article claims Vitamin C makes you healthier because a study found that people who take it have fewer heart problems.

Conclusion: Taking Vitamin C supplements leads to better health outcomes, specifically lower heart disease risk.

Reasoning: A study found that people who regularly take high doses of Vitamin C supplements have a significantly lower risk of heart disease than the average person.

Analysis: This is a classic 'correlation does not equal causation' scenario in a scientific context. To weaken this, we should look for a 'third factor' or an alternative explanation for why these people are healthy. For instance, if people who take supplements are also the type of people who exercise more and eat better overall, then the Vitamin C might not be the actual cause of their heart health. Look for an answer that introduces a confounding variable.

Passage Stimulus

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20.

Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument in the newspaper article?

Correct Answer
D
If high doses of vitamin C supplements slightly reduce resistance to common infections, then supplement users may not be healthier overall, undermining the article’s broad claim that they are healthier than average based on heart disease risk alone.
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