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Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: A magazine found that people who stuck with their therapist for a long time were more likely to say they felt better, so they concluded that long-term therapy is the superior choice.

Conclusion: Psychological therapy is more effective when it continues for longer than six months.

Reasoning: A survey showed that a higher percentage of patients who stayed in treatment for more than six months reported significant improvement compared to those who left earlier.

Analysis: The argument falls into a classic correlation-versus-causation trap. It assumes the length of time caused the improvement, but it's just as likely that people who weren't getting better simply quit early, while those who felt progress stayed. This is a bit like saying 'expensive hospitals make people healthier' just because the survivors stayed there the longest. To weaken this, look for an answer that suggests the two groups of patients weren't comparable from the start.

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15.

Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

Correct Answer
C
It directly introduces attrition bias: those doing well tend to remain in treatment, while those doing poorly tend to quit earlier. That explains the higher success rate among the long-duration respondents without implying longer treatment is inherently more effective.
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