Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: The entire group of students at a school studies many different subjects. Since Miriam is one of those students, the author assumes she must personally study many different subjects.

Conclusion: Miriam takes courses in a wide range of disciplines.

Reasoning: Miriam is a member of the university's student body, and the student body as a whole takes courses in a wide range of disciplines.

Analysis: This is a textbook example of the 'Fallacy of Division.' The author assumes that what is true of a group as a whole must be true of every individual member. While the student body *collectively* covers many subjects, Miriam herself might only be taking chemistry classes. To find a parallel flaw, look for an answer that takes a characteristic of a 'total' or 'average' and incorrectly applies it to a specific part or person within that group.

Passage Stimulus

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6.

Which one of the following arguments exhibits flawed reasoning most similar to that exhibited by the argument above?

Correct Answer
B
B mirrors the division error: from “the editorial board has written on many legal issues” (a collective achievement likely distributed among members) to “Louise has written on many legal issues.”
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