WeakenDiff: Medium

Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: A journal cites studies where people were lied to, believed the lie, and then kept believing it even after being told it was a lie.

Conclusion: Humans tend to maintain beliefs even when they no longer have any credible evidence supporting them.

Reasoning: Psychological studies show that subjects who formed beliefs based on false statements continued to believe them even after the statements were debunked.

Analysis: The argument assumes that once the original statement was debunked, the subjects had zero remaining evidence for their belief. To weaken this, we should look for an answer that suggests the subjects found other, perhaps unintentional, reasons to keep believing during the study. If the subjects developed their own supporting evidence while they held the belief, then they aren't actually holding a belief in the 'absence' of evidence. Alternatively, the subjects might have had a good reason to doubt the person telling them the original statement was false.

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13.

Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the journal's argument?

Correct Answer
D
If most subjects had already acquired independent confirmation of their beliefs before being told the original statements were false, then their persistence does not show holding beliefs in the absence of credible evidence. This directly undercuts the journal’s key inference.
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