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Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: A critic claims that dictatorships love the 'body needs a head' metaphor because it's better at making people accept being controlled than other comparisons, like saying society is a family.

Conclusion: The society-as-body metaphor is more effective at promoting the acceptance of authoritarian repression than other metaphors, such as the society-as-family metaphor.

Reasoning: Metaphors are popular based on their political utility, and authoritarian regimes frequently use the 'body governed by a head' metaphor to justify their structure.

Analysis: The critic's argument relies on a causal leap: because the 'body' metaphor is pervasive in authoritarian states, it must be the most effective tool for generating compliance. To weaken this, we should look for an answer that suggests the 'family' metaphor is actually just as good at promoting repression, or perhaps that the 'body' metaphor is a symptom of authoritarianism rather than the cause of its acceptance. It is a classic case of the author assuming that because one thing is common, it must be the most powerful version of that thing. Perhaps being told you're the 'appendix' of the social body isn't actually that persuasive to the average citizen.

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20.

Which one of the following statements, if true, most weakens the critic's argument?

Correct Answer
A
A directly weakens the comparative conclusion. If in authoritarian societies the family metaphor is just as pervasive as the body metaphor, then given the principle that utility determines popularity, the body metaphor is not shown to be more politically useful (i.e., better at promoting acceptance of repression) than the family metaphor.
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