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Logic Breakdown

Passage Summary: A supplement company claims millions of people need their pills because a group of test subjects had digestive trouble after chugging a huge amount of milk on an empty stomach.

Conclusion: The advertisement concludes that at least 50 million people in North America should take lactase supplements.

Reasoning: The ad bases its recommendation on an experiment where subjects showed signs of intolerance after drinking a full liter of milk on an empty stomach.

Analysis: The argument relies on a massive leap from a very specific, extreme experimental condition to a broad recommendation for the general public. To weaken this, we need to find a reason why the experiment's results don't necessarily mean those 50 million people actually need supplements in their daily lives. If the average person doesn't consume milk in such extreme quantities or on an empty stomach, they might not experience the symptoms described. Look for an answer that suggests the 'intolerance' observed was a product of the test's harsh conditions rather than a genuine medical need for the product.

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21.

Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

Correct Answer
B
If most people consume less lactose per meal than a liter of milk, then the experiment’s stress test exaggerates the prevalence of symptoms in ordinary eating. That undercuts the extrapolation to “at least 50 million” needing supplements.
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